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Islamic conquest of Kerala
The Islamic conquest of Kerala by the Islamic Kingdom of Mysore began in 1763 when Haider Ali invaded Malabar and annexed the principalities of Chirakkal, Kottayam, Kadathanad, Kurumbranad and Calicut.〔http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ezW2AAAAIAAJ Journal of Indian history, Volume 55 By University of Allahabad. Dept. of Modern Indian History, University of Kerala. Dept. of History, University of Travancore, University of Kerala. pp. 144〕 After his reign, his son Tippu Sultan tried to conquer all of Kerala, but failed in doing so after the loss in Third Anglo-Mysore War.
==Invasion by Haider Ali==
Haider Ali was invited to Malabar by the only Muslim Raja there, the Arakkal Raja. With the help of Ali Raja, in 1763, Hyder Ali over ran smaller principalities in North Malabar and set up a confrontation with the Zamorin (Maharajah of Calicut), the major Nair ruler of the region. After receiving the support of the Kombi Achan (Raja of Palakkad), the Muslim forces of Mysore marched towards Calicut, where the Zamorin's palace was located. The Nair army of Zamorin tried to stop the Mysore army, but were routed by the numerically superior Mysore army. In 1767, as the Mysoreans edged closer towards the outer city, the Zamorin send most of his relatives to safe heavens in Ponnani and committed suicide by setting fire to his Mananchira Kovilakam.〔Malabar Manual by Logan〕
Unlike the Zamorin, the other Nair rulers like the Kolathiri saw little use in fighting against a numerically superior militia unit and fled to Travancore along with most of their family members and soldiers. Those Nairs who remained became infuriated by the religious discrimination they faced and rebelled against Hyder Ali. Hyder imposed his troops on them, massacred many and deported over 15,000 Nairs to Kanara. The Gazetteers state that only 200 of them survived. After this event, an amnesty was proclaimed for the Nairs at Palghat. After the extinction of the Zamorin dynasty, second line successor to the thrown, the Eralppad, continued his military action against the Mysore forces from South Malabar and eventually forced Hyder Ali to cede many parts of Malabar to local rulers, who were supported by the British East India Company.〔http://voiceofdharma.com/books/tipu/〕
Hyder conducted a second invasion during 1774. Slowly he moved southwards and reached Travancore in 1776 along with a huge army. The Dutch military garrison in Cranganore made their movement through that region impossible. So Hyder asked his commander to take an army of 10,000 along the Cochin territory. In August 1776, Northern frontiers of Cochin were invaded and the fort at Trichur was captured. After the surrender of the Raja of Cochin, Hyder advanced to the Travancore defence lines. At the same time, the Dutch put down an attempt by the Mysore forces to capture the Cranganore fort with the help of the Travancore Nair Army. The Raja of Cranganore surrendered to Hyder, but the Dutch stormed his palace and captured it in January 1778. After this incident, the forces of Hyder were engaged in a series of small scale attacks and ambushes throughout Northern and Central Kerala, with the Travancore, British and Dutch forces as well as with the Nair rebels in Malabar. After facing losses in Calicut, Palghat and Tinnevelly, Hyder retreated to Mysore.〔The Travancore state manual by Aiya, V. Nagam. pp. 381–384〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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